Bieslåpptå to Soahkegåhpe hiking terrain and navigation AI-pedia

The route between Bieslåpptå and Soahkegåhpe is an off-trail alpine traverse located in the high fell country of Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. Situated above the lake systems of the Swedish Scandes, this upland line connects the broad mountain plateau of Bieslåpptå with the high glacial cirque of Soahkegåhpe. The traverse skirts above the deep bay of Vuodnabahta, an eastern inlet of Lake Virihaure within the Padjelanta and Sarek mountain wilderness. Unlike marked long-distance trails such as the Padjelantaleden, this crossing contains no marked paths, cairns, footbridges, or waymarkers, requiring independent navigational competence and familiarity with Arctic alpine terrain.

The corridor is recognized among experienced Scandinavian fell-walkers and fell-runners as a classic natural high line. By maintaining an elevation generally between 750 and 900 meters above sea level, traveling across this shelf bypasses a significant drop down to the 600-meter contour near the lake level. Traversing high eliminates the steep descent and subsequent regain of elevation required when following the rim of Vuodnabahta. It also enables hikers to avoid the dense willow thickets, mire belts, and birch hollows that line the lower basin, trading swampy valley floors for open, firm surfaces composed of wind-packed fell-gravel and glaciated bedrock.

Safe and efficient passage along this line depends on reading subtle variations in glacial topography, identifying stable crossing points across seasonal stream networks, and managing the micro-relief formed by moraines and hummocks. Changes in Arctic weather, particularly the rapid descent of low-hanging cloud decks over the high plateaus, can reduce visibility to tens of meters within minutes. Navigating the Bieslåpptå-to-Soahkegåhpe corridor requires an understanding of periglacial landforms, compass orientation, and hydrological fluctuations driven by temperature and seasonal precipitation.

Geographic Setting and Regional Context

The traverse sits within the Arctic alpine zone of northwestern Sweden, roughly 100 kilometers north of the Arctic Circle. The area forms part of the traditional grazing territories of indigenous Sámi reindeer-herding communities (predominantly the Sirges and Tuorpon samebyar). Geographically, the terrain represents a transition zone between the expansive, undulating plateau landscapes of Padjelanta to the west and the deeply carved, glaciated alpine massifs of Sarek National Park to the east.

Elevations along the traverse range from roughly 650 meters along the lower bench terraces up to more than 920 meters along the higher shoulders of Bieslåpptå and the lateral ridges flanking Soahkegåhpe. To the west and southwest, the terrain drops down to Lake Virihaure (580 meters above sea level), the second-largest natural lake in Norrbotten and a central hydrological feature of the region. Vuodnabahta constitutes the easternmost bay of this lake system, cutting into the foot of the mountain walls like a freshwater fjord.

Due to its high northern latitude and inland alpine position, the traverse experiences an Arctic tundra climate. Snowpack often lingers well into July, especially in lee hollows, north-facing cirques, and stream gullies. The snow-free summer hiking season is short, typically running from late June or early July through mid-September. By late September, sub-zero nighttime temperatures, freezing rain, and early autumn snowstorms become frequent, altering ground stability and river volumes.

Geology and Geomorphological Surface

The modern ground surface across Bieslåpptå and Soahkegåhpe is the direct result of late-Pleistocene glaciation and ongoing periglacial weathering. The bedrock belongs primarily to the Caledonian mountain belt (the Scandes), composed of durable metamorphic rocks including gneiss, granite, metasediments, and belts of dark amphibolite. Repeated scouring by continental ice sheets smoothed the higher elevations into extensive whalebacks and roches moutonnées—rock formations characterized by smooth, abraded up-glacier slopes and steep, quarried down-glacier flanks.

At surface level, the terrain is divided into three distinct geological and structural categories:

• Granite and Gneiss Slabs: Exposed bedrock ledges that have been planed smooth by moving ice. Where these slabs lie flat or at gentle inclinations, they provide clear, fast walking surfaces with exceptional friction when dry. In wet weather or under freezing drizzle, thin veneers of micro-algae and crustose lichens (such as Rhizocarpon geographicum) can make them slick.
• Glaciofluvial Gravel Terraces and Regolith: Extensive areas of wind-packed, poorly sorted gravel and sand. These terraces formed along the margins of melting ice tongues and have since been leveled by constant wind erosion and cryoturbation (frost churning). They offer stable, non-yielding footpaths that allow steady cross-country movement.
• Blockfields (Felsenmeer): Zones of shattered, angular boulders produced by physical frost weathering (gelifraction). As water enters microscopic fissures in the bedrock and freezes, it expands, wedging blocks of stone apart over thousands of freeze-thaw cycles. Blockfields are concentrated on higher summits, steeper shoulders, and within the floor of the Soahkegåhpe cirque. Crossing these fields requires deliberate balance and stable placement on individual shifting boulders.

Periglacial features are visible throughout the route. Solifluction lobes—tongue-shaped masses of soil and gravel that slowly creep downslope over permafrost or seasonal ground frost—form low step-like terraces along moderate inclines. In poorly drained hollows between hummocks, cryoturbated mud boils (frost medallions) create patches of fine, waterlogged silt that remain soft until dried by late-summer winds.

The Traverse: High-Route Line vs. Low-Route Basin

When moving between the Bieslåpptå mass and the mouth of Soahkegåhpe, travelers encounter a fundamental routing choice: descending toward the outer perimeter of Vuodnabahta or committing to the high shelf. The two routes differ substantially in energy expenditure, physical obstacles, and navigational challenges.

Factor	The High Shelf Traverse (Direct Line)	The Lower Basin Route (Vuodnabahta Rim)
Average Elevation	750 m to 900 m	590 m to 680 m
Elevation Profile	Generally level; undulating rolling benches with minor localized rises	Substantial elevation loss (150–250 m) followed by a steep climb out of the basin
Ground Surface	Firm wind-scoured gravel, exposed granite slabs, dry dwarf-shrub heath	Deep wet moss, peat mires, slippery root networks, and soft mud
Vegetation Obstacles	Virtually nonexistent; low ground-hugging alpine plants	Dense subalpine mountain birch forest and entangled willow scrub (Salix)
Pacing and Speed	Fast, consistent pacing suited for fell-running and distance trekking	Slow, irregular pace disrupted by bushwhacking and bog-dodging
Visibility and Navigation	Open panoramic sightlines; highly vulnerable to low clouds and dense fog	Sheltered from high winds; navigation confined by terrain walls and foliage
Stream Crossings	Braided shallow headwaters; predominantly manageable rock-hops	Deep, consolidated single-channel torrents; often requiring wading

The High-Route Line

The high-route line cuts directly across the western and northwestern flanks of Bieslåpptå, aiming along an elevation contour that stays between roughly 750 and 850 meters before gently rising or dropping into the entrance folds of Soahkegåhpe. By remaining above the treeline, travelers stay entirely out of the tangled subalpine vegetation zone.

This line takes advantage of natural benches created by geological strike lines and glacial scouring. Ground conditions here consist of weathered gravels, compact moss campion patches, and dry lichen crusts. Because the slope profile is broad and gently inclined, movement requires very little vertical climbing once the initial plateau contour is achieved. Fell-runners often favor this line because it allows a rhythmic, uninterrupted running cadence impossible down in the brush.

The Lower Rim Route

Hikers who drop too early to the west find themselves funnelled toward the lower terraces and hanging basins overlooking Vuodnabahta. At an elevation of roughly 600 to 650 meters, the landscape transitions rapidly into subalpine birch woodland (Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii) interspersed with extensive willow (Salix) bogs.

Travel through these lower hollows is physically demanding. Ground water from the high slopes drains downward and collects in poorly drained structural depressions, forming deep peat bogs and waterlogged hummock-and-hollow terrain. Progress requires pushing through dense, head-high brush where visibility is limited to a few meters, making dead reckoning difficult. Furthermore, re-ascending from the Vuodnabahta rim toward Soahkegåhpe requires scaling steep, wet moraine bluffs that are prone to localized mud-slipping.

Vegetation Zones and Underfoot Conditions

The traverse spans two distinct ecological belts: the low-alpine zone (which dominates the high route) and the subalpine birch belt (confined to the lower slopes and valleys). Understanding the distribution of these plant communities allows hikers to predict underfoot friction and ground resistance from a distance.

Low-Alpine Dwarf-Shrub Heath

Between 700 and 850 meters, the ground cover is dominated by low-growing, wind-hardened alpine heath. The dominant plant species include:

• Mountain Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum): A woody, evergreen dwarf shrub that forms dense, low mats. Crowberry provides firm, elastic footing when dry, absorbing footfall without collapsing into mud.
• Dwarf Birch (Betula nana): A prostrate shrub rarely rising more than 30 to 50 centimeters above the surface on exposed slopes. While easier to navigate than valley birch, dense patches of dwarf birch can snag footwear and hide sharp rocks or small voids between boulders.
• Mountain Avens (Dryas octopetala): Occurs in areas with base-rich or calcareous bedrock. It forms tight, flat cushions that anchor fine soil, creating exceptionally stable footing on sloping gravel terraces.
• Alpine Bearberry (Arctous alpina): Creeping, mat-forming shrubs whose leaves turn bright crimson in late August. These indicate dry, stony ridges with minimal peat accumulation.

The Birch Hollows and Scrub Belts

Below 700 meters, particularly where south- or west-facing terrain offers shelter from cold prevailing winds, mountain birch trees establish themselves. In the Scandes, mountain birches are characterized by crooked, multi-stemmed growth patterns shaped by heavy snow loads and wind shear. Within depressions, birch stands are undergrown with moisture-loving herbaceous plants like wood cranesbill (Geranium sylvaticum), globeflower (Trollius europaeus), and several species of shrubby willow (such as Salix glauca and Salix lanata).

Willow scrub presents the greatest physical impedance to foot travel. The stems interlock into springy, flexible barriers that resist passage and conceal deep standing water, hidden boulders, and moss-covered holes. Wet roots in these zones present severe slipping hazards, particularly when carrying a loaded multi-day pack.

Lichen, Moss, and Bedrock Slabs

On high granite shoulders, vegetation is reduced to a cryptogamic crust consisting of lichens and bryophytes. Reindeer lichens (Cladonia spp.) cover well-drained gravels, becoming brittle in dry periods and spongy during rain. On solid rock faces, crustose map lichens adhere firmly to the stone. When completely dry, this rock-lichen interface offers traction comparable to coarse sandpaper. However, during continuous rain or when wet snowmelt trickles across the rock face, the biological film becomes lubricated, reducing foot friction and demanding careful step placement.

Hydrology and Water Crossings

The hydrological network between Bieslåpptå and Soahkegåhpe is characterized by small high-elevation tarns (small mountain lakes, often called láttu in Sámi), structural meltwater ponds, and fast-flowing mountain streams (known regionally by the Sámi term jåhkå or jåkka). The drainage pattern is defined by the high slopes shedding water westward into the Vuodnabahta basin.

Because the high traverse crosses the drainage network near the headwaters rather than in the consolidated valleys below, the volume of water encountered at any individual stream is substantially lower than in the lowlands. Nonetheless, crossing conditions change rapidly based on meteorological events and seasonal progression.

Tarn Outlets and Hummock Chains

Between the larger topographic shoulders of Bieslåpptå and the approach to Soahkegåhpe lies an undulating, hummocky plateau punctuated by tarns. These water bodies occupy shallow depressions scooped out by glacial action. The outlets of these tarns must be crossed by the hiker.

At these high elevations, tarn outlets usually spill across wide, shallow stone sills rather than deep, incised canyons. These sills typically feature chains of stable, partially submerged granite boulders that permit "rock-hopping"—stepping directly from boulder to boulder without entering the water. The primary navigational rule in this terrain is to inspect the outlet lip where the lake discharges: this point is almost always shallower, wider, and less prone to bank collapse than the narrower stream channel 50 meters further downstream.

Stream Crossings in the Soahkegåhpe Fold

As the route closes in on the structural fold below Soahkegåhpe, water from the cirque itself and its surrounding snowfields gathers into defined mountain torrents. The main stream descending from the cirque cuts through a series of moraine benches before dropping steeply toward the valley floor.

During normal summer conditions (late July and August), this stream splits into several smaller braided channels over gravel bars. By staying on the high line, a hiker encounters these channels before they merge into a single powerful torrent. The braided channels can usually be negotiated by stepping across on emergent boulders, or by making quick, knee-deep wades across flat gravel beds.

Two specific environmental factors can suddenly transform these crossings from benign steps into serious hazards:

1. Late-Summer Convective Rainstorms and Autumn Fronts: Heavy, sustained rainfall falling over the impermeable granitic bedrock and thin soils of the upper cirque causes immediate surface runoff. Because the catchment lacks deep soil or forest cover to absorb moisture, stream levels can double or triple in volume within three to six hours.
2. High-Temperature Melt Surges: In late June or early July, or during unusual mid-summer warm fronts, high ambient temperatures accelerate snowmelt across the high snowfields feeding Soahkegåhpe. Meltwater volume typically peaks in the late afternoon and early evening, making morning crossings considerably lower and safer than crossings attempted at the end of the day.

If water depth exceeds knee height and the current is swift enough to move bottom gravel, hikers should search for wider braided sections, use trekking poles for third-point stability, unclip the hip belt of their pack, and face upstream while moving diagonally across the current.

Navigational Strategy and Micro-Terrain

Navigating the Bieslåpptå-to-Soahkegåhpe line requires integrating broad regional route-planning with continuous, short-range micro-navigation. There are no trail markers, painted stones, or worn footpaths. Even during the peak of summer, footsteps leave virtually no visible trail on the springy dwarf heath and rock slabs.

Reading Hummock Relief

A primary challenge of the high plateau is its hummocky moraine relief. The landscape is not a uniform plane; it consists of thousands of low, rounded knolls, glacial drumlins, and bedrock hummocks rising between 3 and 15 meters above the surrounding hollows. These low rises can obscure vision, preventing the hiker from seeing more than 50 to 100 meters ahead when standing in the depressions between them.

Traveling in a straight line through this terrain is physically inefficient. Moving straight ahead forces a hiker to climb up and down hundreds of small, steep mounds or plunge through the soft, water-filled hollows that sit between them. Effective micro-navigation involves reading the contours dynamically:

• Follow the crests of elongated gravel ridges (eskers or drumlinoid features), which provide dry, firm footing and an elevated vantage point.
• Weave around the bases of bedrock knobs along the contour rather than ascending their crests, unless climbing one is necessary to spot an upcoming tarn outlet or dry crossing point.
• Avoid blind hollows that lack a visible surface drainage channel; these frequently contain hidden peat sinks or standing water obscured by sedge grass.

Contour-Line Discipline

The core strategic goal on this route is maintaining a consistent elevation profile. On a standard 1:50,000 or 1:100,000 topographic map (such as the Lantmäteriet Fjällkartan), the 700 m, 750 m, and 800 m contours reveal natural horizontal terraces that wrap around the Bieslåpptå shoulder.

Hikers without altimeters or topographic awareness frequently make the mistake of drifting steadily downhill. Gravity naturally pulls travelers down toward the valley floor, especially when avoiding small boulder piles or lateral ridges. Drifting below the 680-meter contour, however, forces the traveler into the dense willow and birch zone described above, drastically reducing travel speed. Maintaining elevation requires actively resisting this downward pull by contouring deliberately across spurs and keeping high visual landmarks aligned.

Low Visibility and Whiteout Management

The proximity of Lake Virihaure and the Atlantic weather systems originating from the Norwegian coast (less than 40 kilometers to the west) makes this region susceptible to sudden cloud immersion. Maritime air masses are forced upward over the Scandes mountain wall, cooling adiabatically and forming thick, ground-level clouds—a phenomenon known locally in northern Sweden as fell-fog or tjiehta.

When low clouds envelop the Bieslåpptå plateau, the horizon and distant peaks disappear completely. The landscape loses all three-dimensional depth, as gray rock, gray tarns, and white cloud blend together. Under these conditions, the following navigational procedures become critical:

• Compass Bearings and Back-Bearings: Navigators must shoot an accurate bearing from map coordinates before entering the fog, adjusting for the local magnetic declination (which in this region of northern Norrbotten is approximately 6° to 8° East, though changing slowly over time). In uniform hummock terrain, a walker will unconsciously deviate around obstacles in the direction of their dominant leg, resulting in circular walking patterns if a strict compass line is not maintained.
• Point-to-Point Progression: When visibility is restricted to 20 or 30 meters, the lead hiker should send a second person ahead to the edge of sight, check their alignment along the compass bearing, correct their position, and then walk up to them. Solo hikers must use distinctive, immediate ground features (an unusually shaped boulder, the edge of a snow patch, a distinct tarn shoreline) as intermediate waypoints.
• Altimeter Calibration: An barometric altimeter is an exceptionally valuable cross-referencing tool. Because the route relies on hugging a specific elevation shelf, an altimeter allows the hiker to verify that they have not inadvertently descended toward the Vuodnabahta hollows or climbed into the steep blockfields of the upper peaks. Altimeters must be recalibrated whenever passing known spot elevations, such as the water surface of surveyed tarns.
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS): Handheld GPS units and satellite-enabled watches provide precise coordinate data and breadcrumb track tracking. However, extreme cold, battery depletion, and heavy cloud cover can affect electronic devices. Paper maps protected by waterproof cases and magnetic baseplate compasses remain indispensable primary or backup instruments.

Meteorological Conditions and Alpine Hazards

The weather between Bieslåpptå and Soahkegåhpe is dynamic and can change rapidly throughout all seasons. The high shelf is entirely exposed to prevailing westerly and northwesterly winds sweeping across from the Norwegian sea across Lake Virihaure. With no trees, large crags, or mountain massifs to block air currents from the west, the plateau receives the full force of frontal passages.

Wind and Katabatic Systems

Gale-force winds can develop in the area within hours. When high-pressure systems sit over the mountains and cold air builds over interior snowfields, sudden katabatic winds (gravity-driven down-slope winds) can spill down from the high cirques, including Soahkegåhpe. These gusts can easily exceed 20 to 25 meters per second (gale to storm force), making standing upright difficult, blowing rain through waterproof garments, and making pitched shelters unstable.

Camp selection along this traverse must be carried out with extreme care. The open gravel terraces offer flat ground, but provide zero wind protection. Experienced trekkers seek out the lee sides of low bedrock whalebacks or pronounced moraine ridges, ensuring that the camp is not pitched in a low depression that could flood during heavy overnight rain.

Hypothermia Dynamics

The primary medical and environmental danger in the Scandinavian mountains during the summer months is accidental hypothermia. The most dangerous meteorological conditions are not severe sub-zero winter temperatures (which are dry and predictable), but prolonged wet conditions at temperatures between 2°C and 8°C accompanied by high winds. Wind chill accelerates convective heat loss through wet clothing rapidly. Because the traverse features continuous wet footing, tarn crossings, and total wind exposure, a hiker who stops moving without adequate insulating and windproof outer layers can develop clinical hypothermia in less than an hour.

Snow Bridges and Runout Zones

Early in the summer season (June and early July), snowfields remain common across the route, especially in the shaded eastern folds leading up into Soahkegåhpe. While firm, well-consolidated snowfields can offer smooth, fast walking surfaces that cover uneven blockfields, they present two critical hazards:

• Snow Bridges over Torrents: Streams often tunnel beneath residual winter snowbanks, carving out hidden caverns. As the summer progresses, the roofs of these snow tunnels thin. Stepping onto an unsupported snow bridge can cause it to collapse, dropping the hiker into an icy, fast-flowing torrent trapped beneath hard-packed snow walls. Any snow field with the audible sound of rushing water beneath it should be skirted around, not crossed directly.
• Hard-Pack Runout Slopes: In the early morning after a clear, sub-zero night, old snow turns to hard, icy crust. If traversing steep slopes where a slip could result in an uncontrolled slide into a boulder field or a half-frozen tarn, hikers require footwear with deep, sharp lugs or light traction devices (such as microspikes), as well as trekking poles to arrest balance.

Sámi Reindeer Husbandry and Environmental Stewardship

The mountains surrounding Virihaure, including Bieslåpptå and the slopes of Soahkegåhpe, are not unmanaged wilderness; they are a living, ancient cultural landscape. This land is utilized by indigenous Sámi reindeer herders for summer grazing, calf marking, and herd migration.

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) range freely over the high fell-heath from June through September. The animals take advantage of the high, wind-swept plateaus like Bieslåpptå to escape parasitic insects (such as warble flies and mosquitoes) and to feed on protein-rich alpine flora. Human presence can easily disrupt these herds, with significant consequences for their health and energy reserves:

• Calving and Post-Calving Season: In late spring and early summer (late May through June), female reindeer and their newborn calves are exceptionally skittish. A hiker or fell-runner approaching at speed can cause a herd to scatter, separating calves from their mothers and leading to calf mortality.
• Herding and Gatherings: During July and August, herders gather reindeer into temporary mountain corrals for ear-marking. If a traveler encounters a gathering in progress or a moving herd guided by herders on foot, motorbikes, or helicopters, they must sit down quietly, remain motionless, and allow the animals to pass without disruption. Moving perpendicular to the herd or trying to photograph animals from up close will split the herd.
• Dog Control: Swedish law mandates that dogs must be kept on a leash in reindeer grazing areas and throughout national parks at all times. Loose dogs trigger an instinctual predator-flight response in reindeer, which can scatter herds over mountain ridges and lead to severe physical exhaustion or injury to the animals.

The principles of Leave No Trace are strictly observed by the mountain community. At high latitudes, biological decomposition occurs at an exceptionally slow rate due to low average temperatures. Organic waste, orange peels, and paper buried beneath thin tundra moss can remain intact for decades. Campers are expected to pack out all waste, avoid altering natural stone arrangements or building unnecessary cairns, and minimize disruption to the fragile cryptogamic soils that take decades to recover after being crushed.

Preparation, Equipment, and Safety Protocols

Undertaking a cross-country traverse between Bieslåpptå and Soahkegåhpe requires specific equipment choices geared toward the unique combination of hard bedrock, saturated peat, cold water crossings, and sudden weather shifts.

Footwear and Traction

Traditional Scandinavian fell-hikers often rely on unlined single- or double-leather boots (such as Swedish skalkängor) or tall rubber boots designed for wet mountain bogs. These offer maximum ankle support and water resistance when wading through soggy mires and low scrub.

In contrast, modern fell-runners and fast-packers utilize lightweight trail running shoes equipped with aggressive outsole lugs (5 to 8 millimeters) made from sticky rubber compounds (such as Vibram Megagrip or Inov-8 G-Grip). Because it is impossible to keep feet completely dry during multiple days of off-trail travel in this region, the fell-running approach accepts wet feet, relying on breathable, non-waterproof mesh shoes that drain immediately after stream crossings, paired with dense wool or neoprene socks to maintain thermal insulation when wet. The high friction of sticky rubber on wet granite slabs is a major safety advantage when descending down the steps of Soahkegåhpe.

Shelter and Cold-Weather Protection

A traveler attempting this route must carry personal shelter capable of withstanding severe mountain conditions. Lightweight single-skin tents or tarps that work in sheltered woodland are unsuitable for the violent, multidirectional winds of the Bieslåpptå plateau. Shelters must feature sturdy, multi-pole geodesic or robust tunnel designs with extensive guy-out points and high-tensile pegs designed for rocky or gravelly soil.

Clothing systems must follow the multi-layering principle, using non-absorbing synthetic fibers or merino wool:

• Base Layer: Wool or high-wicking synthetic top and bottoms.
• Insulation Layer: Fleece jacket or lightweight hydrophobic down/synthetic fill jacket for rest stops and emergency use.
• Hardshell Outer Layer: Fully taped, waterproof, windproof jacket and trousers (minimum 20,000 mm hydrostatic head rating). Thin emergency ponchos tear instantly in the high winds encountered on the plateau.
• Peripherals: Windproof gloves, waterproof over-mitts, and an insulated wool beanie, which are necessary even in mid-July if cold frontal systems drop out of the Arctic Ocean.

Emergency Communication and Safety Planning

There is zero cellular telephone coverage across the Bieslåpptå-to-Soahkegåhpe corridor and throughout the vast majority of the surrounding wilderness. Cell signals cease entirely once a traveler moves away from the remote tourist stations or settlement huts along the main valleys.

Safety protocols require carrying a dedicated two-way satellite communicator (such as a Garmin inReach or ZOLEO) or a Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) operating on the 406 MHz COSPAS-SARSAT frequency. Mountain rescue in this region is coordinated by the Swedish Police (Fjällräddningen), deploying specialized mountain rescue teams and helicopters out of bases like Gällivare, Kiruna, or Jokkmokk. In bad weather or thick fog, rescue helicopters cannot fly into high mountain cirques, meaning that an injured traveler and their party must be equipped to survive independently on the open fell in severe weather for 24 to 48 hours.

See also

• Padjelanta National Park
• Sarek National Park
• Virihaure
• Scandinavian Scandes
• Fell-running
• Periglacial geomorphology
• Alpine tundra
• Solifluction
• Fjällkartan